Omniracle

呈味核苷酸

呈味核苷酸,通常指的是5'-核苷酸二钠(I+G),是一种常用的食品增味剂。它由肌苷酸二钠(IMP)和鸟苷酸二钠(GMP)组成,能够与谷氨酸盐协同作用,增强食物的鲜味。以下是关于呈味核苷酸的一些关键点:

  1. 组成与作用

    • 呈味核苷酸主要包括肌苷酸、鸟苷酸、胞苷酸、尿苷酸和黄苷酸,其中商业化产品主要集中在5'-肌苷酸二钠和5'-鸟苷酸二钠。
    • 这些化合物通过与谷氨酸盐(如味精)协同作用,能够显著增强食物的鲜味,通常可使鲜味提升数倍至数十倍。
  2. 应用

    • 呈味核苷酸常用于调味品如鸡精、鸡粉、增鲜味精、酱油、调味包、汤料、番茄酱和蛋黄酱等,以增强风味和改善口感。
    • 在食品工业中,呈味核苷酸被广泛应用于方便面、零食、薯片、饼干、酱料和快餐食品中。
  3. 安全性

    • 根据联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂专家委员会的评估,呈味核苷酸被归类为“ADI未指定”,这意味着在任何水平上都没有毒性,并且不需要设定每日摄入限量。
  4. 历史与发展

    • 呈味核苷酸的研究始于19世纪,随着科学技术的发展,其在食品工业中的应用逐渐扩大。
    • 1960年代,日本的研究人员发现5'-鸟苷酸二钠与5'-肌苷酸二钠的组合能够显著增强鲜味。

通过合理使用呈味核苷酸,可以有效提升食品的风味,使其更加美味可口。

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