Omniracle

如何测试 FastAPI 应用的并发性能?

要测试 FastAPI 应用的并发性能,可以采用以下步骤:

  1. 使用异步编程:FastAPI 本身支持异步编程,利用 asyncawait 关键字可以有效地处理并发请求。确保你的 API 处理函数是异步的,以便充分利用 FastAPI 的性能优势。

    from fastapi import FastAPI
    import asyncio
    
    app = FastAPI()
    
    @app.get("/")
    async def root():
        concurrent_tasks = []
    
        async def execute_task(task_num):
            await asyncio.sleep(1)
            return f"Completed task {task_num}."
    
        for task_num in range(5):
            task = asyncio.create_task(execute_task(task_num))
            concurrent_tasks.append(task)
    
        responses = await asyncio.gather(*concurrent_tasks)
        return responses
  2. 使用性能测试工具:可以使用 JMeter 或者其他性能测试工具来模拟并发请求。配置 JMeter 的线程组,例如设置 1000 个线程,逐步增加请求数,观察应用的响应时间和吞吐量。

  3. 调整并发限制:FastAPI 默认的并发处理能力可以通过修改 CapacityLimiter 来调整。例如,将默认的并发数从 40 调整为 200:

    from anyio.lowlevel import RunVar
    from anyio import CapacityLimiter
    
    @app.on_event("startup")
    def startup():
        RunVar("_default_thread_limiter").set(CapacityLimiter(200))
  4. 选择合适的服务器:使用 Uvicorn 或 Hypercorn 启动 FastAPI 应用。Uvicorn 是 FastAPI 的推荐服务器,支持异步处理。可以通过调整 workers 参数来增加并发处理能力。

  5. 监控和分析:在测试过程中,监控 CPU、内存使用情况以及网络 I/O,以识别潜在的瓶颈。分析测试结果,优化代码和配置以提高性能。

通过以上步骤,你可以有效地测试和优化 FastAPI 应用的并发性能,确保其在高并发场景下的稳定性和响应速度。

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