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Fastapi 设置workers参数后,任务分配到不同的workers用的是什么策略?

在 FastAPI 中,当设置 workers 参数时,任务的分配策略主要依赖于底层的 ASGI 服务器,如 Uvicorn 或者 Gunicorn。以下是相关的任务分配策略和机制:

  1. ASGI 标准:FastAPI 使用 ASGI(Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface)标准,这使得它能够处理异步请求。ASGI 服务器(如 Uvicorn)负责将请求分发给不同的 worker 进程。

  2. Uvicorn 和 Gunicorn:通常,FastAPI 应用会与 Uvicorn 一起运行,而 Gunicorn 可以作为进程管理器来启动多个 Uvicorn worker。Gunicorn 负责监听指定的 IP 和端口,并将请求分发给 Uvicorn worker 进程。

  3. 负载均衡:Gunicorn 作为进程管理器,负责管理 worker 进程的生命周期,并根据需要启动或重启进程以保持指定的 worker 数量。请求的分发通常是基于轮询(round-robin)或其他简单的负载均衡策略。

  4. 并发与并行:FastAPI 利用 Python 的异步特性(如 asyncawait 语法)来提高并发处理能力。虽然多个 worker 进程可以并行处理请求,但每个 worker 内部的请求处理是通过异步机制来实现的。

  5. 资源管理:在多 worker 环境中,每个 worker 进程会占用一定的系统资源(如内存和 CPU)。因此,合理配置 worker 数量是确保系统性能和稳定性的关键。

综上所述,FastAPI 在设置 workers 参数后,主要依赖于 ASGI 服务器(如 Uvicorn 和 Gunicorn)的进程管理和负载均衡机制来分配任务。通过合理配置和使用异步特性,FastAPI 能够高效地处理并发请求。

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