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子痫症是什么?如何定义?

子痫症(Eclampsia)是妊娠期高血压疾病的一种严重并发症,通常发生在妊娠20周后或产后不久。它的特征是妊娠期高血压伴随癫痫发作,而这些癫痫发作不能用其他神经系统疾病来解释。子痫症是先兆子痫(Preeclampsia)的进一步发展,先兆子痫的症状包括高血压和蛋白尿(尿中出现蛋白质)。

根据相关资料,先兆子痫的诊断标准包括:

  • 妊娠20周后新发高血压(收缩压≥140 mmHg和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg,至少间隔4小时测量2次)。
  • 蛋白尿(24小时尿蛋白>300 mg或尿蛋白/肌酐比值≥0.3)。
  • 终末器官损伤的迹象或症状。

子痫症的发生率相对较低,但其对母婴健康的威胁极大,因此需要及时的医疗干预和管理。预防措施包括对高危人群使用低剂量阿司匹林等。

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