Objectivism

Objectivism, developed by Ayn Rand, is a comprehensive philosophical system that emphasizes individualism, reason, and capitalism. It posits that reality exists independently of consciousness, and that human beings can perceive this reality through sense perception and reason. Objectivism is grounded in several key tenets:

1. Metaphysics: Reality is objective and exists independently of any observer. The Law of Identity (A is A) asserts that facts are immutable and cannot be altered by wishes or desires.

2. Epistemology: Reason is the only means of acquiring knowledge. Objectivism rejects skepticism and subjectivism, advocating for objective knowledge through concept formation and inductive logic.

3. Ethics: The moral purpose of life is the pursuit of one's own happiness, a concept known as rational egoism. Rand argues that individuals should act in their rational self-interest and that altruism, defined as living for others, is a moral failing.

4. Politics: The only social system consistent with Objectivist ethics is laissez-faire capitalism, which recognizes individual rights and the role of government as a protector of these rights. The government should only function to protect individual rights through police, military, and courts.

5. Aesthetics: Art is a means of transforming metaphysical ideas into a comprehensible physical form, with Romanticism being the highest form of literary art according to Rand.

Objectivism has had a significant impact on modern thought, particularly in the realms of politics and economics. It has influenced libertarian and conservative movements, advocating for minimal government intervention and the primacy of individual rights. Despite criticism for its perceived promotion of selfishness and economic inequality, Objectivism continues to be a subject of study and debate, with its principles being applied to various aspects of contemporary society.